Biotechniques revisited
Abstract
The manuscript is an attempt to review and publish workable and reproducible bio-techniques in that are applicable in recent applied bioscience. The writing is therefore more of a practice than methodolgy alone and gives some futuristic view of emerging technology useful to sort out a fast solution to the problems today and in future. Thereby the medium of the manuscript is kept English in order to spread the message of peace around the world. The manuscript consists of major biotechnological techniques widely applicable in advanced applied biological science, varying from simple and useful to complicated sophisticated machanical techniques for large scale 21st century production of useful natural organismic products/materials and manipulated/engineered bioproducts. This may cover the need to have a quick look at enormous potential of polymerase chain reaction in disease diagnosis, gene cloning and gene therapy to the underlying principles and methods along recommendations to improve the process ahead with integrating modern day reasearch in bioengineering and human resource utilization to full potential in order to create a healthy society. When cells replicate its the DNA (chromosomes) that separates into two. Genetic engineering is the technique of gene modification using the genetic engineeering and cutting techniques of restriction enzymes to produce bacteria , plant and animals by adding new genes or removing unwanted genes, for instance biocontrol in crop plants(Bt /cry genes) or increase their indigenous power to tackle insects or bio-defence (BGA) from abiotic (for instance drought, heat and salt) and biotic (e.g. insects), like stress factors. Similarly Bioremediation can be worked out to get rid of hazardous piles of environmental wastes, or manipulating them at industrial scale to make bioenergy/biofuels/ bioethanol/ Biogas or even leach out minerals. Using non pathogenic/ harmless Eschertia coli to carry and produce insuline gene, and has some promising results in humans also. DNA profiling of child’s DNA with that of mother and father simply can tell what part of DNA is from whome in paternity testing and the same can be done for human fossils. Biotechnology in future will be critically useful in solving the increase in growing food crisis of billions of people added to the globe. But the usefulness and applications of biotechniques in biotechnology and biological sciences is immense but also widely accepted in all other fields of sciences. Some common techniques needed for a working scientist in the field of biotechnology thus include gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE, the blotting techniques (western blot, southern blot, northern blot), ELISA, PCR and many many more including a combination of any or all of these techniques for instance recombinant DNA technology, making one capable to introduce desired or modify organisms having desired characteristics such as that one wishes. Some characters may include animals with a particular coat color or animals/buffalos producing medicines in milk like producing human growth hormone, or plant producing vaccines/plantibodies for instance banana with hepatitis vaccines and bacteria producing many large scale proteins for instance insulin.