Estimation of Losses Due to the Existence of Monopolies in Urban Bus Transport in Poland
Streszczenie
The aim of this paper is to present the different approaches to demonopolisation
used in Polish and European urban public transport, compare the efficiency of these
models which have proven popular in Poland as well as to estimate the total losses incurred due to the high monopolisation of Polish public transport. The methodology
of the research is based on econometric modelling (Stochastic Frontier Analysis) and
on a survey conducted by the author among Public Transport Authorities.
The author proves that the modern London model (competition for the market) is
more efficient in Polish conditions than the classic German one (communal monopoly).
The very popular in Poland combination of the two above formulas – the co-existence
of a Public Transport Authority with a monopolistic publicly owned operator – is
surprisingly the least efficient. Total losses due to the existence of monopolies in Polish
urban bus transport are estimated for the year 2007 at the level of 10-14% of its
total budget (ca. 117-149 m EURO/year). In some cities, the losses can be as high
as 20-25% of the total remuneration to the public bus operator. In others, public
monopolists can be as efficient as private operators in the competitive model.
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