Пропаганда в універсалах королів Міхала I та Яна III, її типи та адресати (за матеріалами реляційних книг ґродських урядів Руського воєводства)
Streszczenie
Introduction. The early-modern society needed information, especially
about politics. There were many sources of information at that time. It was
not missed by the royal соurt, which began to orient their documents on the
general society of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The royal universales
were among them. These documents were used to announce an already
existent decision (such as a diet resolution (constitution), a privilege or a decree),
various types of sejmiks (dietines), “pospolite ruszenie”, the monarch’s
decisions. The purpose. The information from the royal universales was promulgated
by the local grod governments. Often these documents had an ideological
component. It helped propagate values and ideas, an appeal which
was used to facilitate the implementation of those decisions or orders that
were reported in universal. The propaganda was not present in all royal universales
and the ideological components were different, depending on several
factors. Results. The most part of the ideological component was in universales
addressed to the nobles. The propaganda was also included in documents
published during the war. These documents popularized the idea that
the Commonwealth as a defendant of Christianity. Consequently, it had to
fight for the preservation of faith against Turkish and Tatar attackers, who
were often called “enemies of Christ” in universales. At the same time, the
war against them was represented as a struggle to preserve the “golden liberties”
of the nobles. Universales also appealed to the knight virtues of the
gentry, although the latter was no longer so important and relevant to this
social state. Of course, these documents never went without emphasizing the
loyalty of the monarch to his country and subjects, his activities in favor of
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Conclusion. The royal court could not
miss informational needs of the early-modern society. That is why they issued
documents from which information should have reached a great part of
the society. The royal universal was among these documents. The universal
had many political information and ideological components. All of these were
promulgated by the local grod governments.
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