Biofortification of Three Cultivated Mushroom Species with Three Iron Salts - Potential for a New Iron-Rich Superfood
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Date
2022-04-04Author
Budzyńska, Sylwia
Siwulski, Marek
Gąsecka, Monika
Magdziak, Zuzanna
Kalač, Pavel
Niedzielski, Przemysław
Mleczek, Mirosław
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Mushrooms fortified with iron (Fe) can offer a promising alternative to counter the world-
wide deficiency problem. However, the factors that may influence the efficiency of fortification
have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of three Fe
forms (FeCl3 6H2O, FeSO4 7H2O, or FeHBED) in three concentrations (5, 10, or 50 mM) for three
mushroom species (Pleurotus eryngii, P. ostreatus, or Pholiota nameko) on their chemical composition,
phenolic compounds, and organic acid production. The most effective metal accumulation of all the
investigated species was for the 50 mM addition. FeCl3 6H2O was the most favorable additive for
P. eryngii and P. nameko (up to 145 and 185% Fe more than in the control, respectively) and FeHBED
for P. ostreatus (up to 108% Fe more than in control). Additionally, P. nameko showed the highest
Fe accumulation among studied species (89.2 ± 7.51 mg kg−1 DW). The creation of phenolic acids
was generally inhibited by Fe salt supplementation. However, an increasing effect on phenolic acid
concentration was observed for P. ostreatus cultivated at 5 mM FeCl3 6H2O and for P. eryngii cultivated
at 5 mM FeCl3 6H2O and 5 mM FeSO4 7H2O. In the case of organic acids, a similar situation was
observed. For P. ostreatus, FeSO4 7H2O and FeHBED salts increased the formation of the determined
organic acids in fruiting bodies. P. eryngii and P. nameko were characterized by a much lower content
of organic acids in the systems supplemented with Fe. Based on the obtained results, we recommend
starting fortification by preliminarily indicating which form of the element is preferred for the species
of interest for supplementation. It also seems that using an additive concentration of 50 mM or higher
is most effective.
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