Wbrew rodzinie: obligatoryjne stancje uczniowskie w Wileńskim Okręgu Naukowym w okresie międzypowstaniowym
Abstract
After the collapse of the November Uprising (the Cadet Revolution) Poles
under Russian rule in Russian partition were Russianized more severely than before.
The tsar authorities focused on the educational system, on the upbringing of the youth
in the name of loyalty to the Romanov dynasty, and submission to any authority. This
educational aim was fulfilled under supervision both in school and outside.As the aim
was in contradiction to family upbringing (values), the boarding schools, which were
supervised by the Educational Board, started to be organized and approved by the
Tsar. In Tsarian Russia there was no tradition of boarding schools; as a result, there
were neither prepared or experienced teachers nor material goods to provide students
with appropriate care and living conditions. Parents who were forced to place their
children in the boarding schools had to bear higher cost. They did not have any
influence on the way their children were raised/taught. The situation had to raise an
objection of Polish society that lived in the Kresy (North-East Borderland of Polish
Commonwealth). After the defeat of Russia in the Crimean War (1853-56) and the
death of Tsar Mikolaj I, the process of Russianization was lessened and the institution
of boarding schools was officially criticized. This criticism was expressed by
marshals of the gentry and honorary patrons of schools.Following the pressure
resulting from such criticism local and ministerial authorities were forced to abandon
implementing the idea of obligatory boarding schools for children and teenagers.
In the late 1850s the boarding schools were gradually being closed. Once again
parents had the right to decide about their son's place to stay during his education at
school. The idea of anti-Polish pro-government education (against the family)
suffered a defeat this time.
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