Marksistowska koncepcja sprawiedliwości
Streszczenie
The article aims at tracing philosophical grounds of the Marxist conception of justice. This assignment is realized within three stages, as given considerations strive for (1) justifying studies on the Marxism in a context of contemporary culture, (2) presenting controversies surrounding Marxist interpretation of justice, and (3) settling the debate about justice in a perspective of Marxist approach to moral issues. The undertaken analyses lead to a conclusion that Marxism takes ambiguous attitude to justice. It may treat the justice negatively as a form of false consciousness, or positively as an expression of class interest. But it always interprets justice in a context of classless society, whose subjects are distinguished by their new or enhanced human nature. For every notion of justice refers implicitly to some understanding of human nature the Marxist conception of justice does also need to presuppose a vision of man. This notion of man immediately gives ground for estimating the conception of justice itself. The Marxist vision of man looks like of reductionism. While reducing the human life to a level of correlates which participate in permanent social transformations, the Marxism refuses to respect not only the individual human freedom, but also the human agency as such. Both interpretations, that of justice as well that of man, are two corresponding expressions of the Marxist admission that there is the primacy of society over the individual.
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