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Al-Ǧuwaynī’s theory of the imamate in his treatise Ġiyāṯ al-umam
(Katedra Arabistyki i Islamistyki, Uniwersytet Warszawski, 2007)
By the eleventh century the community founded in the seventh century by the Prophet Muḥammad had split into several religious groups. The umma as a single, unified community, had become a political fiction. The Abbasid ...