Metafory ‘odbicia w wodzie’ jako klucz do odczytania „Pamiętnika z Tosy” Ki no Tsurayukiego. Kreowanie fikcji literackiej w utworze a problem przekładu

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to attempt a new interpretation of one of the most important works from the classical Japanese literature - "The Tosa Diary" by Ki no Tsurayuki. I agree with the Takei Mutsuo's thesis that "The Tosa Diary" was a precursor work for the whole trend of memoirs' literature in medieval Japan and that this diary was written to reconcile two completely different poetics: an anthology of Japanese poetry and private Chinese diary - genres which were so popular among the aristocracy in Heiankyo. Such an origin of Ki no Tsurayuki's work does not explain, however, all the problems concerning the interpretation of the text, and, consequently, its translation. The adaptation of Chinese ideograms for the spoken Japanese language initiated the process of gradual sinization of that language and caused the necessity of continuous, intersemiotic translations of native spoken language to its written, sinified form. For the majority of early Japanese poets, Chinese was not a separate language system, but rather a subsystem - an open collection of ideograms, words, expressions, idioms, or quotations from Chinese literature, which gradually entered the native language.