Toxicological Responses of α-Pinene-Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol and Its Molecular Tracers in Human Lung Cell Lines
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2021-03-02Autor
Khan, Faria
Kwapiszewska, Karina
Zhang, Yue
Chen, Yuzhi
Lambe, Andrew
Kołodziejczyk, Agata
Jalal, Nasir
Rudzinski, Krzysztof
Martínez-Romero, Alicia
Fry, Rebecca C.
Surratt, Jason D.
Szmigielski, Rafal
Metadane
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Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a major
component of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) that contributes
to adverse human health effects upon inhalation. Atmospheric
ozonolysis of α-pinene, an abundantly emitted monoterpene from
terrestrial vegetation, leads to significant global SOA formation;
however, its impact on pulmonary pathophysiology remains uncertain.
In this study, we quantified an increasing concentration response of
three well-established α-pinene SOA tracers (pinic, pinonic, and 3-
methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acids) and a full mixture of α-pinene
SOA in A549 (alveolar epithelial carcinoma) and BEAS-2B (bronchial
epithelial normal) lung cell lines. The three aforementioned tracers
contributed ∼57% of the α-pinene SOA mass under our experimental
conditions. Cellular proliferation, cell viability, and oxidative stress
were assessed as toxicological end points. The three α-pinene SOA
molecular tracers had insignificant responses in both cell types when compared with the α-pinene SOA (up to 200 μg mL−1
). BEAS2B cells exposed to 200 μg mL−1 of α-pinene SOA decreased cellular proliferation to ∼70% and 44% at 24- and 48-h post exposure,
respectively; no changes in A549 cells were observed. The inhibitory concentration-50 (IC50) in BEAS-2B cells was found to be 912
and 230 μg mL−1 at 24 and 48 h, respectively. An approximate 4-fold increase in cellular oxidative stress was observed in BEAS-2B
cells when compared with untreated cells, suggesting that reactive oxygen species (ROS) buildup resulted in the downstream
cytotoxicity following 24 h of exposure to α-pinene SOA. Organic hydroperoxides that were identified in the α-pinene SOA samples
likely contributed to the ROS and cytotoxicity. This study identifies the potential components of α-pinene SOA that likely modulate
the oxidative stress response within lung cells and highlights the need to carry out chronic exposure studies on α-pinene SOA to
elucidate its long-term inhalation exposure effects.
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