Comparative Indicators of Genetic Variability and Bark Beetle Infestation Intensity in Populations of Norway Spruce (Picea Abies (L.) Karst.) in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract

This study sets out comparative indicators of Norway spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, based on an evaluation of the attack power of bark beetles Ips typographus L. and Pityogenes chalcographus L. and the decline of spruce within the populations sampled for genetic analysis. Twelve natural forest stands and one plantation were analyzed. The average numbers of desiccated Norway spruces per stand and isoenzyme gene markers were used for comparison purposes. The results indicate that the Norway spruce population from Mt Vlašić deviates markedly from the other sampled populations, both in genetic structure and in the recorded numbers of insects, as well as in the number of desiccated trees. These results suggest the importance of using only indigenous Norway spruce reproductive material in artificial forest regeneration to ensure its higher adaptability potential. It is also necessary to develop a dynamic management system for Norway spruce in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which will ensure the systemic stability of forest structures. Further development of the systematic monitoring system of Norway spruce bark beetles, early detection, and the introduction of effective integral protective measures are badly needed.