O sądach cygańskich. Znaczenie starszyzny w rozstrzyganiu sporów w kontekście prawa zwyczajowego

Abstract

Customary laws, traditional ways of solving disputes and seeking solutions to conflicts belong to an area of the social reality into which the magical Roma perception of the world imbues itself. Since it is the Roma elders who wield the power in the matter, I decided to focus my article on their role in settling disputes and imposing punishment. My research, carried out within the Roma communities in Poland and Lithuania, proves that the traditional law plays an extremely important role in Roma societies. It is a set of norms, rules and prohibitions firmly based on tradition. I gathered my materials during a period of 2006-2008 while researching Roma taboos in the Polska Roma group. Applying norms and behaviour patterns related to the traditional way of life is a common practice among the Roma people. In settling disputes within the Roma groups, the traditional law is far more superior to the official state law, and an official verdict produced by a Polish court of law is not a final verdict to be generally accepted.

I rromani kris, prdal savi o Rroma ròden o ćaćipen, kaj te iklǒn andar-o ćingara aj i xoli, si tokam jekh umal e dostikane (socialone) realitetaqi, anda savi fundamental arakhas o kamipe e Rromenqo karing-i magia. ŵikaj o Rroma mukhen e śero-rromesqe k-o vast o śerutnipen and-i kris, sas murri idèa and-akava artìklo te kerav i analiza lesqe funkciaqi kana ćhinel i ćingar thaj del dendi e dośales. Pala sa so dikhlǒm and-i Polska thaj i Litva maśkar Rromenθe, pakǎv so i rromani kris si la jekh but vasni ròla and-i organizàcia e Rromenqe dostikane (socialne) Ŵivdimasqi thaj so akaja kris si jekh kidipen nòrme, rokhimàta thaj dotǎ, save thàvden andar-i tradìcia. Mangav te sikavav adaj materiàlo, savo kidinǒm and-o bb. 2006-2008 anda jekh rodlǎrimasqi progràma (savi vi dureder Ŵal) pal-o tabu maśkar Rromenθe, save pala penθe phenen so si jone „Polska Rroma” thaj Ŵiven bare forenθe. O butedër e informacienqo kidinǒm rakerindoj mestes maśkar lenθe thaj vi pala murre observàcie, sa so kòrkorri dikhlǒm. O nòrme, save si and-i relàcia e magerimaça thaj konkretone xodikǎrimatençar, zorarde e tradiciaθär, si but Ŵivde maśkar Rromenθe. Lindor angl-i jakh i ròla thaj i zorin e dostikane opiniaqi, sarkon Ŵeno andar-jekh konkrèto grùpa (endani, irri, dostipen and-o buxlo mandaipen e lavesqo) ćhuvel pesqo krlo, kaj te ròdel pes o duzipen (ćaćipen). Phuredera len i fùnkcia e krisnenqi, sar thaj kana lenθar mangel i famìlia, i irri, i endani ja o dostipen. Ćaćimasθe na savaxt dikǎren godǎθe sa o nòrme, save si referèncie and-i rromani kris. P-o jèkhto, nivar nas lekhavde akala nòrme, p-o dùjto nas ni kodisarde ja jekhisarde a p-o trìnto savaxt sas mothovde katar-jekh generàcia k-i javër rakërdines. Odolesθär śaj te ovel gasavo suro, sar o phuredera na maladile angledër jekha konkretone situaciaça, thaj gasavi situàcia tokam iklǒl angla lenθe aj musaj te den kris pe laθe. Jekh javër but vasno pućhipen si o ćhand sär kerdǒl interpretàcia e rromane krisaqi, kaj te na ovel mamuj-o nevikano Ŵivipen. Odolesθär e krisaqe Rroma śaj te len decìzie thaj verdìktǎ, save si and-o somogi (harmònia) e realitetaça. And-o ćhinipen e andrutne ćingarenqo, i rromani kris duredër aćhol upredër e gaŴikane krisaθär thaj o verdìkto e oficialone gadzikane krisaqo naj o palutnedër verdìkto maśkar Rromenθe.