Kiszyniowcy. Studium historii i zwyczajów

Abstract

The Kishiniovtsy Gypsy group consists of around 3000 people today and hasn’t been described in literature. Ancestors of the group were serfs in Bessarabia. They migrated in Ukraine after abolition of the serfdom in the Russian Empire (the 1861 year’s reform). Now they live in Ukraine and Russia. Until the very roam prohibition in October, 1956, the economic basis of the life of Kishiniovtsy consisted of the men’s domestic thievery and the women’s fortunetelling. By now the ethnic group has trade earnings. Kishiniovtsy didn’t avoid the massive deportations in Stalin’s period. Many were arrested in June, 1933 in Moscow and were deported to Siberia. Unlike most of Gypsy groups, Kishiniovtsy didn’t take an active part in the World War II. While the Russka Roma and the Ukrainian and South-Russian Servi joined the army and were even decorated, Kishiniovtsy always tried to avoid the mobilization. There are many facts about Nazi-genocide in the article. Kishiniovtsy are orthodox Christians. The Moldavian folklore is now forgotten by them. In everyday life the Kishiniovtsy usually sing the songs of Russka Roma. N. Bessonov described their nomadic life and clothing. He built genealogy of some families. Also there is information about customs and justice. Gypsy court in Kishiniovtsy’s dialect is called źudekàta (after Romanian judecată). As for the place of Kishiniovtsy in the Gypsy ethnic group’s hierarchy, they have strong positions. Kishiniovtsy retain their traditions speak their Romany dialect very good and are materially successful. Their problem is the reputation of “dangerous people”. In many aspects such point of view has lost its acuteness (though in conflicts Kishiniovtsy just like Krymy can still protect themselves). In the newest conditions some young people managed to finish school, training colleges and even enter a university, creating a new educated class. Today the legal education is one of the most prestigious. This Gypsy group have good perspectives in modern Russia.

O endaj e Rromenqëro Kiśïniovconqëro adadives si grùpa andar pretele 3000 Ŵene thaj palem si bipinŴardo and-e studienqëri literatùra. Lenqëre purane manuśa säs krepostni and-e Besaràbia. Kana lias agor e krepostněnqëro phandlipen and-e Rusiaqëro prathagaripen (pal-e refòrma and-o b. 1861), durile te Ŵan and-e Ukraìna. Akana Ŵiven and-e Ukraìna thaj Rùsia. O avtòro mothovel so akala Rroma, Ŵi k-ob. 1956, Ŵivènas andar-o ćoripen thaj lenqëre rromnǎ zumavènas (dorakǎrènas). Akana kinen thaj bikinen. And-o Baredivaj 1933 nesave lenθär säs deportuime andar-e Mòskva Ŵi k-e Sibèria. Kana pharilǎs o 2-to Sundalìtko Mariben, o Rroma Kiśïniòvcura na marde pen aj vi naśènas katar-e mobilizàcia, Ŵikaj javëra Rroma (sär o „Rùska Rroma thaj o Sèrvi andar-e Ukraìna) säs but aktìvo mamuj-i nazìsmo, phandile e armiaça (xaladimaça) aj vi xuterde xaladìtka dekoràcie. O artìklo den informàcie pal-o Samudaripen. Rroma Kiśïniòvcura si dasa (ortodòksǎ). Bisterde aba o moldavìtko folklòro thaj akana gilaben (bagen) e Ruska Rromenqëre gilǎ. O Besonòvo mothovel pala lenqëro phirutno Ŵivipen aj lodipen, pala lenqëre gada aj nesave irrenqëre genealògie thaj vi lenqëre aćara (tradìcie) aj lenqëri kris rromani, savi lenθe akhardǒl „źudekàta” (andar-e rumunìcko ćhib - judecată). And-e Rromenqëre hieràrxia, o than e Rromenqëro Kiśïniovconqëro si but opre. ŵivde si lenqëre tradìcie (aćara) thaj but śukär rakëren e rromani ćhib. And-e ekonòmia śukär keren love thaj naj len javër problèma, sadaj sol en dikhen javëra manuśa sar „bilaćhe” (traśorne). AZkana fededër dikhen len o javëra, thaj o krimitìka Rroma butivar javen te den len vast kana si konflìkto (ćingar). Terne Rroma Kiśïniòvcura agordine śkòle thaj universitète, thaj kerde jekh nevi klàsa siklǎrdi. Maśkär lenθe si so siklǒn juridika. Akaja rromani endaj si la laćhe perspektìve and-i adadivesutuni Rùsia.