Cyklooksygenaza-2 i jej rola w kancerogenezie

Abstract

Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme involved in many physiological and pathological processes. It catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxanes from arachidonic acid. It has been reported that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) modulates the secretion of proinflammatory mediators and its expression is associated with the promotion of the process of tumorigenesis initiation, transformation, progression and cancer metastasis. Increased expression of COX-2 in premalignant lesions makes it a key element in a chain of changes leading to cancer. So far, advances in the evaluation of COX -2 molecular mechanisms did not bring spectacular discoveries. Pathomechanisms of COX-2 activities are still not sufficiently understood and therefore, require further research. Currently, COX-2 inhibitors are one of the most commonly used medications. Unfortunately, their long-term use causes many side effects. The first report about the use of plant substances with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity (COX-2 inhibitors) was reported by Hippocrates in the 5th century BC. The present review discusses the most important mechanisms by which a particular COX-2 isomer leads to the formation and development of cancer.