Postawy ludności cywilnej wobec kozackich najazdów z 1648 roku na przykładzie mieszczan kraśnickich. Przyczynek do zagadnienia zasięgu terytorialnego powstania Chmielnickiego
Streszczenie
In autumn 1648 the Tatar-Cossack army besieged Lviv and Zamość as well
as left minor troops in their vicinity. Their raids desolated villages located
between the Bug and Vistula River. The actions of rebels from Zaporoże only
enhanced the fear-filled atmosphere among the civilian population. For the
leader of the Uprising, Bohdan Chmielnicki, those raids were a way of restocking
and building up morale among Tatars and Cossacks. Moreover, the
raids advantaged political affairs of the Cossack ataman. Terrorising gentry
allowed him to influence the election sejm (sejm elekcyjny) deliberating at
the time.
One of the localities that suffered from the Cossack raids in the aforementioned
period was Kraśnik (located in the Lublin Voivodeship). The rebels
from Zaporoże blasted the village, slaughtered its citizens and desolated its
infrastructure. The surviving court references allow for an analysis of attitudes
among the civilians during the raids. There is some data about citizens’
escapes outside the city walls, as well as some accounts of robberies, committed
by the people that remained in the city after the Cossack retreat, who
wanted for getting rich easily.
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